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NAD+ benefits

1. NAD+ supplements are very effective at boosting levels of NAD+ in your blood

One of the most important precursors for NAD+ is nicotinamide riboside, a molecule that is related to (but not identical to) vitamin B3.

This molecule achieved its high level of importance thanks to research that makes a strong case for its ability to quickly and effectively boost levels of NAD+ in the body. A scientific paper published by researchers at the University of Iowa was able to demonstrate that nicotinamide riboside, taken as a supplement, leads to large increases in NAD+ in both mice and humans (1).

A single dose of nicotinamide riboside was able to boost levels of NAD+ by 170% compared to normal levels over the course of just 12 hours. The study results also suggest that massive doses of nicotinamide riboside aren’t necessary: 100, 300, and 1000 mg doses performed equally well when it came to boosting NAD+ in the blood. This is encouraging, because it suggests that you aren’t losing out if you go with a more modest dose of nicotinamide riboside.

2. NAD+ can mimic the anti-aging benefits of caloric restriction

One of the proposed mechanisms for why life extension and anti-aging diet strategies like caloric restriction and intermittent fasting work has to do with their ability to modify NAD+ metabolism.

This means you can get the benefits of caloric restriction without going on an aggressive calorie-restricted diet.

3. NAD+ supplements could help prevent some of the harmful effects of obesity

Since NAD+ plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism, one obvious potential area of application is in obesity. One of the primary negative health effects of obesity is the metabolic abnormalities, like type 2 diabetes, that can result from having excess body fat.

Some research suggests that supplements that boost NAD+ levels could help protect you from some of these negative metabolic effects. One such paper was published in 2012 in the journal Cell Metabolism (2). In the paper, mice fed a nicotinamide riboside supplement were largely able to resist the negative metabolic effects of being fed a high-fat diet.

The researchers interpreted their results to mean that boosting NAD+ levels in the body could help both with negative health effects from obesity, and negative health effects from aging (since both of these conditions lead to abnormalities in cellular metabolism).

4. Maintaining high levels of NAD+ might help protect you from cognitive decline

Research in rats consistently shows that NAD+ levels in the brain drop precipitously with age. One paper published in 2013 demonstrated that NAD+ declines go hand-in-hand with an increase in oxidative damage in the central nervous system (3).

The researchers hypothesized that the accumulation of this oxidative damage—brought on by decreases in the body’s ability to slow down and prevent oxidation—are behind the cognitive decline that is seen in brain function with increasing age.

Other research in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease showed how mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark effect of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, like Alzheimer’s and dementia (4).

By using NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor found in NAD+ supplements) to augment the levels of NAD+ in the mice, the researchers were able to reverse the negative changes in mitochondrial function in their mouse model of Alzheimer’s.

As with many of the exciting frontiers of NAD+ supplementation, this research is still in the early stages, but these preliminary animal studies show a lot of promise for helping to treat or perhaps even prevent or slow down the progress of neurodegenerative diseases in humans.

More research, including clinical trials, will be needed to confirm these results, but the initial signs from animal studies such as these are nevertheless very exciting.

5. Boosting NAD+ levels could improve heart function and sustain heart health as you get older

One area of your body that has an extremely high concentration of mitochondria, and hence an extremely high demand for NAD+, is your heart tissue.

Several studies suggest that boosting NAD+ levels could have positive effects on heart function, since heart damage and heart failure are associated with decreased levels of NAD+. One study, published in the Journal of Cellular Physiology in 2017 by Pankaj Chaturvedi and Suresh Tyagi, cites research showing that NAD+ supplementation can improve heart function in animal models of heart failure (5).

The connection between NAD+ function and heart health also seems to be linked to stem cells in heart muscle: as you get older, your stem cells cease to function as well, and eventually die off.

However, NAD+ supplementation could help sustain your muscle stem cells as you get older, which translates into better heart health (your heart being a muscle, of course). NAD+ supplementation in animals has even been able to prevent damage from ischemia and reperfusion, two sources of serious heart damage in heart disease (6).

6. NAD+ could improve your muscle function and even extend your lifespan

One of the biggest turning points in interest in NAD+ wasa 2016 publication in the prestigious journal Science that reported on a wide range of experiments on using the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (the primary ingredient in many top NAD+ supplements) to boost NAD+ levels in aging mice (7).

With several detailed studies on the muscle physiology of the aged mice, both with and without the NAD+ supplement, the researchers were able to demonstrate significant improvements in muscle function after NAD+ supplementation. In addition, the mice given NAD+ had significantly longer lifespans than the control mice not given the NAD+ supplement.

The researchers chalked this up in part to an increase in the protection provided to stem cells: by sustaining the body’s ability to repair itself, the inevitable decline of aging was staved off for longer in the mice with higher NAD+ levels.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a universal cellular electron transporter, coenzyme, and signaling molecule present in all cells of the body and is essential for cell function and viability.^[1][2] Along with NAD+, its reduced (NADH) and phosphorylated forms (NADP+ and NADPH) are also important.^[1][2] NAD+ and its redox partner NADH are vital for energy (ATP) production in all parts of cellular respiration: glycolysis in the cytoplasm and the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain in the mitochondria.